Regulating the Algorithmic Panopticon: A Critical Library Research on Islamic Communication Policy and Digital Media Ethics in the Era of Hyperconnectivity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/villages.v7i2.518Keywords:
Algorithmic Regulation, Islamic Communication Policy, Digital Media EthicsAbstract
This study examines the ethical and regulatory challenges of hyperconnected digital media by integrating critical media theory with Islamic communication ethics. Using a critical textual-library methodology, the research analyzes scholarly literature, regulatory documents, digital policy texts, and Islamic normative sources related to algorithmic governance, post-truth communication, and public accountability. The findings show that traditional broadcasting regulation is increasingly inadequate because digital communication is now shaped by global platforms, OTT services, recommender systems, and algorithmic visibility. The study also finds that hyperreality and post-truth dynamics intensify ethical crises by allowing emotionally charged, divisive, and misleading content to gain influence through engagement-based amplification. In response, this article argues that Islamic principles such as tabayyun, qaulan sadida, amanah, and maslahah can provide a normative foundation for digital policy. The study proposes an ethical co-regulation model based on state oversight, civil society participation, platform transparency, algorithmic auditing, and freedom-of-expression safeguards to protect the digital public sphere. Its main contribution is a hybrid regulatory framework that links technological accountability with moral-spiritual responsibility in Islamic broadcasting
References
Birkstedt, T., Minkkinen, M., Tandon, A., & Mäntymäki, M. (2023). AI governance: Themes, knowledge gaps and future agendas. Internet Research, 33(7), 133–167. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-01-2022-0042
Brady, W. J., McLoughlin, K., Doan, T. N., & Crockett, M. J. (2021). How social learning amplifies moral outrage expression in online social networks. Science Advances, 7(33), Article eabe5641. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe5641
Chaudhary, G. (2024). Unveiling the black box: Bringing algorithmic transparency to AI. Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology, 18(1), 93–122. https://doi.org/10.5817/MUJLT2024-1-4
Cheong, B. C. (2024). Transparency and accountability in AI systems: Safeguarding wellbeing in the age of algorithmic decision-making. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 6, Article 1421273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2024.1421273
Clemons, E. K., Schreieck, M., & Waran, R. V. (2025). Managing disinformation on social media platforms. Electronic Markets, 35, Article 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-025-00796-6
Cools, H. (2025). Navigating the responsible AI landscape: Unraveling the principles-to-practices gap of transparency and explainability at the BBC. Information, Communication & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2553382
Degen, K., & Gleiss, A. (2025). Time to break up? The case for tailor-made digital platform regulation based on platform-governance standard types. Electronic Markets, 35, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-024-00747-7
Fauzi, R., Nurhasan, A. M., & Zahrani, S. (2025). Etika komunikasi Islam dalam era post-truth. Misykah: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Studi Islam, 10(2). https://jurnal.uibbc.ac.id/index.php/misykah/article/view/4185
Fepriani, J., & Ratnasari, D. (2026). Algorithmic ethics and Qur’anic tabayyun: Knowledge authority and AI bias in the digital age. QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies, 5(1), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v5i1.16001
Gong, Z., Peng, D., Cui, J., & Lv, Z. (2026). The paradox of AI content labeling: How clarity influences information avoidance via cognitive dissonance on social platforms. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, Article 1751670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1751670
Gumati, M. R. (2024). Digital sovereignty or regulatory overreach? The case of Indonesia’s platform registration policy. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, 25(4), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917251392903
Harsya, R. M. K., Wamafma, F., Sakmaf, M. S., & Triyantoro, A. (2024). Regulasi konten online dan dampaknya terhadap hak kebebasan berbicara di platform digital di Indonesia. Sanskara Hukum dan HAM, 3(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.58812/shh.v3i01.446
Hulawa, D. E., & Kasmiati, K. (2025). Qaulan Sadida as a Qur’anic framework for revitalizing character building in the digital era. Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 292–309. https://doi.org/10.53802/fitrah.v6i2.1144
Juha, A. A., Hilda, Y., & Lie, A. (2025). Media responsibility in the perspective of Islamic communication. Proceeding of International Conference on Communication and Media Digital, 2(1). https://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/icommedig/article/view/26521
Kohl, U. (2024). Toxic recommender algorithms: Immunities, liabilities and the regulated self-regulation of the Digital Services Act and the Online Safety Act. Journal of Media Law, 16(2), 301–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2024.2408912
Lu, P., Zhou, L., & Fan, X. (2023). Platform governance and sociological participation. The Journal of Chinese Sociology, 10, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-023-00181-w
Málik, J. Z. (2024). Beyond the boundaries of reality: Hyperreality and post-truth. Symbolon, 25(2), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.46522/S.2024.02.2
McLoughlin, K. L., Brady, W. J., Goolsbee, A., Kaiser, B., Klonick, K., & Crockett, M. J. (2024). Misinformation exploits outrage to spread online. Science, 386(6725), 991–996. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl2829
Metzler, H., & Garcia, D. (2024). Social drivers and algorithmic mechanisms on digital media. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 19(5), 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057
Milli, S., Carroll, M., Wang, Y., Pandey, S., Zhao, S., & Dragan, A. D. (2025). Engagement, user satisfaction, and the amplification of divisive content on social media. PNAS Nexus, 4(3), Article pgaf062. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf062
Mökander, J. (2023). Auditing of AI: Legal, ethical and technical approaches. Digital Society, 2, Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44206-023-00074-y
Morgan, H. (2022). Conducting a qualitative document analysis. The Qualitative Report, 27(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5044
Morris, J. (2021). Simulacra in the age of social media: Baudrillard as the prophet of fake news. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 45(4), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859920977154
Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A step-by-step process of thematic analysis to develop a conceptual model in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789
Nuriana, Z. I., & Salwa, N. (2024). Digital da’wah in the age of algorithm: A narrative review of communication, moderation, and inclusion. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v2i4.706
Park, T. J., & Rohatgi, A. (2024). Balancing the platform responsibility paradox: A case for amplification regulation to mitigate the spread of harmful but legal content online. Computer Law & Security Review, 52, Article 105960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.105960
Piasecki, S., Morosoli, S., Helberger, N., & Naudts, L. (2024). AI-generated journalism: Do the transparency provisions in the AI Act give news readers what they hope for? Internet Policy Review, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.4.1810
Pierson, J., Kerr, A., Robinson, S. C., Fanni, R., Steinkogler, V. E., Milan, S., & Zampedri, G. (2023). Governing artificial intelligence in the media and communications sector. Internet Policy Review, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.14763/2023.1.1683
Pranata, A. Y. (2023). Simulasi-simulakra pandemi Covid-19 dalam media Youtube. KONSTELASI: Konvergensi Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.24002/konstelasi.v3i1.7214
Sahak, S. (2025). Liability of internet intermediaries and legal challenges: A comprehensive systematic review. Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02344-y
Santos, A., Cazzamatta, R., & Napolitano, C. J. (2025). Holding platforms accountable in the fight against misinformation: A cross-national analysis of state-established content moderation regulations. International Communication Gazette, 87(8), 729–750. https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485251348550
Slemon, A. (2025). Absences and silences in critical discourse analysis: Methodological reflections. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 24. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251321250
Subagiya, B. (2023). Eksplorasi penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui kajian literatur: Pemahaman konseptual dan aplikasi praktis. Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(3), 304–318. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v12i3.14113
Zulkarnain, I., Hanim, F., Masril, M., Purba, A. M., Pribadi, M. A., & Sinaga, R. P. K. (2025). Regulatory asymmetry and media sovereignty in Indonesia: Governing OTT platforms in the digital era. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 10(3), 1093–1104. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i3.2564
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal is based on the work at https://villages.pubmedia.id/index.php/villages under license from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free to:
- Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms, which include the following:
- Attribution. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Information for authors
The author should be aware that by submitting an article to this journal, the article's copyright will be fully transferred to Jurnal Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa. Authors are allowed to resend their manuscript to other journals or intentionally withdraw the manuscript only if both parties (Jurnal Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa and Authors) have agreed on the issue. Once the manuscript has been published, authors are allowed to use their published article under Jurnal Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa copyrights.
All authors are required to deliver the agreement of license transfer once they submit the manuscript to Jurnal Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa. By signing the agreement, the copyright is attributed to this journal to protect the intellectual material for the authors. Authors are allowed to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium and in any circumstances.
• Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Jurnal Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa is licensed under an International License
